Application Of Complexometric Titration Pdf Download
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4.
. a number of analytical methods can be employed in the determination of acid-base equivalence points: • titrations with the help of glass- or silver-precipitating solutions (complexometric titrations) (see section 3.1.1) • titrations with a standardised solution of NaHCO3 or Na2CO3 or NaOH (see section 3.1.2) • titrations with a standardised solution of H2CO3 (see section 3.1.3) • titrations with molybdate reagent (see section 3.1.4) • titrations with Arsenazo III solution (see section 3.1.5) • titrations with methyl blue (see section 3.1.6) • titrations with the help of mineral acids of known strength (see section 3.1.7) titrations with the help of two titrants the endpoint of which is related to the equivalence point of the test acid or base. The equivalence point is where a 1:1 ratio is reached between the equivalent cations of the weak and strong acids. The main advantage of complexometric titrations is that the accuracy of the method is improved by the use of an indicator that reacts with the free acid to form a 1:1 complex with the metal ion. The indicator is usually an organic complexing agent, such as the tartrate, malonate, oxalate, citrate, succinate, imidazole and 1,5-naphthyridine-2,6-disulphonates or naphthalenedisulphonates. However, organic indicators are not ideal since the indigo-coloured complex is difficult to detect at its endpoint and the chromogenic reaction may not be stable. When the indicator used is phenol, the absorption maximum depends on the method of preparation of the indicator. Chemical reduction of indigo with potassium borohydride and heating under reflux is reported to give a stable, coloured complex which reacts in a very rapid manner with a broad range of acids. This method has been used by Lippincott, Sanders and others for the determination of the equivalence point of strongly basic and acidic compounds. An important disadvantage is that one of the reagents is not commercially available. Indigo is also prepared by heating the base at a lower temperature. The use of an indicator with a redox property means that no chromogenic reagent is needed. There are four 0b46394aab
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